Changed lines 14-16 from:
* therapy vs. enhancement
* definition of "enhancement" - "amplification or extension of core capacities of the mind through improvement or augmentation of internal or external information processing systems."
* conventional (vs unconventional) means - education and training, common chemicals, e.g. caffeine, environment
to:
* Therapy vs. enhancement - therapy is remedial, enhancement is for improvement
** definition of "enhancement" - "amplification or extension of core capacities of the mind through improvement or augmentation of internal or external information processing systems."
** Wwhat count as core or normal?
* Conventional vs. unconventional means
** Education, training, diet
** Common chemicals, e.g. coffee
Changed lines 21-27 from:
** no generally accepted opinion
** enormous potential benefits
** controversial
** regulatory issues
** important long-term consequences for society and culture
** We cannot avoid the changes, so better be prepared.
to:
** Regulatory and policy issues
** Be prepared for risks and potential benefits
** Important long-term consequences for society and culture
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Targets - memory, attention
to:
Near-term targets - memory, attention
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* ''Laissez-faire'' free-market
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# ''Laissez-faire'' free-market
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* Managed technological optimism
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# Managed technological optimism
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* Non-coercive perfectionism
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# Non-coercive perfectionism
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to:
Changed lines 125-130 from:
* "There is no sharp division between mild forms of cognitive enhancement such as education and caffeine and other kinds of technologies. So there is no reason to allow some and not allow the others."
* "If we allow people to have operations to make themselves more beautiful, there is no reason why they cannot have operations to make themselves more clever." Discuss this argument.
* One version of the harm principle is the following: An action should be prohibited only if it is likely to cause harm to innocent third-parties. Should cognitive enhancement be allowed as long as the harm principle is not violated? Think about the arguments for and against this position.
* Do you think cognitive enhancements are likely to decrease or increase inequality in society?
* Employers in the future might want to employ only cognitively enhanced individuals which would do their jobs better. Should this be allowed or is this a form of discrimination?
to:
# "There is no sharp division between mild forms of cognitive enhancement such as education and caffeine and other kinds of technologies. So there is no reason to allow some and not allow the others."
# "If we allow people to have operations to make themselves more beautiful, there is no reason why they cannot have operations to make themselves more clever." Discuss this argument.
# One version of the harm principle is the following: An action should be prohibited only if it is likely to cause harm to innocent third-parties. Should cognitive enhancement be allowed as long as the harm principle is not violated? Think about the arguments for and against this position.
# Do you think cognitive enhancements are likely to decrease or increase inequality in society?
# Employers in the future might want to employ only cognitively enhanced individuals which would do their jobs better. Should this be allowed or is this a form of discrimination?
Changed lines 105-111 from:
Government takes on different roles
* free-market - minimal government intervention
* Government actively promotes research and technology, but imposes little constraints
Perfectionist policies - regulates and imposes constraints in accordance with a certain conception of good life and system of values
* Human essentialism - starts with a conception of the central essential features of what a human being is, and does not allow enhancement beyond such a conception
to:
Government takes on different roles. Adapted from the Arizona State U report.
* ''Laissez-faire'' free-market
** Individual freedom and choice most important
** Minimal government intervention in the market
** Would individuals, companies and the market make the right choices?
* Managed technological optimism
** Technology is liberating and brings positive benefits
** The role of the government is to promote innovation, ensure efficient and fair distribution of resources, and manage risks
** The government does not restrict technology other than due to harm or risks.
* Non-coercive perfectionism
** Technology is not developed for its own sake. Market is not always infallible and in the public interest.
** The government should actively encourage and help people lead a good and valuable life.
** Technology enhancing the good life will be promoted and those that do not will be discouraged or prohibited.
* Human essentialism
** Starts with a conception of human essence that should not be modified.
** The government regulates technology in accordance with such a conception.
Changed lines 105-107 from:
to:
Government takes on different roles
* free-market - minimal government intervention
* Government actively promotes research and technology, but imposes little constraints
* Perfectionist policies - regulates and imposes constraints in accordance with a certain conception of good life and system of values
* Human essentialism - starts with a conception of the central essential features of what a human being is, and does not allow enhancement beyond such a conception
Changed lines 10-11 from:
* A video dicussion - http://brainwaves.corante.com/archives/2009/06/29/the_debate_better_living_through_chemistry.php
to:
* [recommended] A video dicussion - http://brainwaves.corante.com/archives/2009/06/29/the_debate_better_living_through_chemistry.php
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to:
** We cannot avoid the changes, so better be prepared.
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to:
http://cache.io9.com/assets/resources/2008/02/orgasmatronmeloy.jpg
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* Side-effects of drugs, addiction (300 espresso in a day will kill you)
to:
* Side-effects of drugs - brain damage, addiction (300 espresso in a day will kill you)
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to:
* But nothing is risk free
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!!!Hyper-agency, playing God
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!!!Hyper-agency, playing God, transhumanism
Changed lines 94-98 from:
!!!Cheating, positional goods, externalities
!!!Inequality
to:
* Technology allows us to do whatever we want to ourselves. Is there anything that is not allowed?
!!!Issues of fairness
* Is enhancement "cheating"? Compare the case with sports.
* Competition among individuals - what count as "good enough"?
* What would happen to socioeconomic gaps?
* Access opportunities to technologies (individual / countries)
* Employment requirements
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to:
Changed lines 60-64 from:
!!Other
to:
* deep brain stimulation for Parkinsons
* access to external database
* offline computation
!!!Other invasive techniques
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to:
Changed lines 80-81 from:
to:
* What count as "normal"? The debate about hearing implants for deaf children.
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* Application - military, professional (eg. surgeons, drivers)
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http://kimokawaii.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/452674a-i2.0.jpg
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to:
* TMS - memory consolidation enhancement
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Changed line 71 from:
* Side-effects of drugs, addiction
to:
* Side-effects of drugs, addiction (300 espresso in a day will kill you)
Changed line 32 from:
* omega-3 supplement, oxygen http://www.springerlink.com/content/p798n8344631g565/
to:
* Popular: omega-3 supplement, caffeine, ginkgo, oxygen http://www.springerlink.com/content/p798n8344631g565/
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to:
* Pills supposed to improve memory in the pipeline.
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* Side-effects of drugs, unknown long-term effects, risks of operations
to:
* Side-effects of drugs, addiction
* Unknown long-term effects, risks of operations
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* Safety
* Medicine as remedy and therapy
* Enhancements for minors and incompetent individuals
* Procreative choice and eugenics
* Authenticity
to:
!!! Safety
* Side-effects of drugs, unknown long-term effects, risks of operations
!!! Medicine as remedy and therapy
* What is the purpose of medicine?
!!! Enhancements for minors and incompetent individuals
!!! Procreative choice and eugenics
!!! Authenticity
* The value of accomplishments - process and product. Nozick's experience and result machines.
Added line 8:
* [Required] "Policy Implications of Technologies for Cognitive Enhancement" Consortium for Science, Policy, & Outcomes report (2006). Arizona State University. http://www.cspo.org/documents/FinalEnhancedCognitionReport.pdf
Changed lines 10-11 from:
* "Policy Implications of Technologies for Cognitive Enhancement" Consortium for Science, Policy, & Outcomes report (2006). Arizona State University. http://www.cspo.org/documents/FinalEnhancedCognitionReport.pdf
to:
Added line 35:
Added lines 38-41:
Changed lines 9-10 from:
* "Policy Implications of Technologies for Cognitive Enhancement" onsortium for Science, Policy, & Outcomes report (2006). Arizona State University. http://www.cspo.org/documents/FinalEnhancedCognitionReport.pdf
to:
* "Policy Implications of Technologies for Cognitive Enhancement" Consortium for Science, Policy, & Outcomes report (2006). Arizona State University. http://www.cspo.org/documents/FinalEnhancedCognitionReport.pdf
Changed lines 30-31 from:
Francis Fukuyama: "The original purpose of medicine is to heal the sick, not turn healthy people into gods." 'Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution'
to:
* Francis Fukuyama: "The original purpose of medicine is to heal the sick, not turn healthy people into gods." ''Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution''
Changed lines 28-31 from:
* Hyper-agency, playing God
* Cheating, positional goods, externalities
* Inequality
to:
!!!Hyper-agency, playing God
Francis Fukuyama: "The original purpose of medicine is to heal the sick, not turn healthy people into gods." 'Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution'
!!!Cheating, positional goods, externalities
!!!Inequality