Main.FreewillCrick History
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@@@For instance, his left hand could grasp and manipulate parts of clothes or objects, even tear them into pieces, while the patient was seating in his armchair and unaware of these in-
voluntary movements.@@@
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@@@For instance, his left hand could grasp and manipulate parts of clothes or objects, even tear them into pieces, while the patient was seating in his armchair and unaware of these involuntary movements.@@@
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http://labnic.unige.ch/nic/papers/FA_SS_PV_AN2007.pdf
@@@For instance, his left hand could grasp and manipulate parts of clothes or objects, even tear them into pieces, while the patient was seating in his armchair and unaware of these in-
voluntary movements.@@@
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* "Moving With or Without Will: Functional Neural Correlates of Alien Hand Syndrome," Frédéric Assal, Sophie Schwartz, Patrik Vuilleumier, Annals of Neurology, (doi:10.1002/ana.21173).
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* Frédéric Assal, Sophie Schwartz, Patrik Vuilleumier (2007) "Moving With or Without Will: Functional Neural Correlates of Alien Hand Syndrome," ''Annals of Neurology'' doi:10.1002/ana.21173
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Follow-up:
* See recent research by Assal et. el. (2007).
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* "Moving With or Without Will: Functional Neural Correlates of Alien Hand Syndrome," Frédéric Assal, Sophie Schwartz, Patrik Vuilleumier, Annals of Neurology, (doi:10.1002/ana.21173).
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* Francis Crick. 1994. A Postscript on Freewill. In ''The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul''. Scribner Book Company.
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* Francis Crick. 1994. A Postscript on Freewill. In ''The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul''. Scribner Book Company. [[http://www.hku.hk/local/philodep/readings/crick-freewill.pdf|HKU intranet]]
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!!Basic philosophical positions
* [[stanford:determinism-causal/#5|Determinism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
** Why determinism? Newtonian physics, theology
* Indeterminism - Determinism is false.
** Why indeterminism? Quantum physics.
* Compatibilism - Freewill is compatible with determinism.
** Example: X decided to do Y freely = (1) X decided to do Y, and (2) X could have decided otherwise if X wanted to.
*** Big bang 1 → X wants to do Y → X decides to do Y.
*** Big bang 2 → X does not want to do Y → X decides not to do Y.
* Is indeterminism sufficient for freewill?
** Not clear how there can be freewill if our actions are not due to us but some random events.
*** "X decides to do Y freely" requires: the decision to do Y is ''up to X''.
*** If it is a random matter whether X decides to do Y, then the decision is not up to X.
!!Crick on freewill
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* M.F.S. Rushworth , M.E. Walton , S.W. Kennerley and D.M. Bannerman. 2004. Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex. ''Trends in Cognitive Sciences'', 8:9. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.009
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News:
June 4, 2004 ''American Journal of Psychiatry''
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!!Some News
* June 4, 2004 ''American Journal of Psychiatry''
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* Rushworth et. el. (2004) ACC encodes reinforcement value of action outcomes.
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News:
June 4, 2004 ''American Journal of Psychiatry''
@@@The study identified lower brain activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus of compulsive hoarders, compared with other OCD patients.@@@
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media:simpleWTA.jpg [- Winner-take-all competitive network -]
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media:simpleWTA.jpg [- Winner-take-all competitive network. White: inhibitory; Black: excitory -]
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*** If it is a random matter whether X decides to do Y, then the decision is not up to X.
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Theoretical speculations:
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*** "X decides to do Y freely" requires: the decision to to Y is ''up to X''.
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*** "X decides to do Y freely" requires: the decision to do Y is ''up to X''.
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*** "X decides to do Y freely" requires: the decision to to Y is ''up to X''.
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*** Big bang 1 → X decided to do Y.
*** Big bang 2 → X decided not to do Y.
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*** Big bang 1 → X wants to do Y → X decides to do Y.
*** Big bang 2 → X does not want to do Y → X decides not to do Y.
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*** Big bang 1 → X decided to do Y.
*** Big bang 2 → X decided not to do Y.
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** Example: X did Y freely = If X had wanted not to do Y, X could have not done Y.
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** Example: X decided to do Y freely = (1) X decided to do Y, and (2) X could have decided otherwise if X wanted to.
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# We think we have freewill because the decision is unpredictable (perhaps because of chaos).
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# We think we have freewill because the decision is unpredictable (perhaps because of [[chaos]]).
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# We might be able to infer the reasons that go into the computations for the decisions, but we might also confabulate.
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# We might be able to infer the reasons that go into the computations for the decisions, but we might also [[confabulation|confabulate]].
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* Multiple unconscious proto-decisions.
* Competitive network selects final outcome.
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* Multiple unconscious decision plans.
* Competitive network selects final decision.
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* Need to distinguish between: (a) feeling that the hand does not belong to oneself, and (b) the hand behaving against one's wishes. (doi:10.1007/s10072-003-0149-4)
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* Need to distinguish between: (a) feeling that the hand does not belong to oneself, and (b) the hand behaving against one's wishes. (doi:10.1007/s10072-003-0149-4)
** Compare with [[http://www.psychnet-uk.com/dsm_iv/capgras_syndrome.htm|Capgras syndrome]]
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# This part is also damaged in a patient with the alien hand syndrome (together with damage in the corpus callosum.)
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Theoretical speculations:
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Empirical speculations:
* Freewill is located at the brain region known as anterior cingulate sulcus. Arguments:
# This area is damaged in the woman who has "lost her will", with "nothing to say."
# This area receives inputs from higher sensory systems and is located at the higher levels of the motor system. It is connected to the corpus striatum on both sides of the brain.
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# We think we have freewill because the decision is unpredictable (perhaps because of chaos).
# We might be able to infer the reasons that go into the computations for the decisions, but we might also confabulate.
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1. Architecture: computation → many action plans → the chosen plan → action
2. We have conscious access to the action plans and the plan that is decided, but not the computations involved in producing the list of plans or in selecting the decided plan.
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# Architecture: computation → many action plans → the chosen plan → action
# We have conscious access to the action plans and the plan that is decided, but not the computations involved in producing the list of plans or in selecting the decided plan.
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Architecture: computation → decision → action
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1. Architecture: computation → many action plans → the chosen plan → action
2. We have conscious access to the action plans and the plan that is decided, but not the computations involved in producing the list of plans or in selecting the decided plan.
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Architecture: computation → decision → action
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!!Theory
* Multiple unconscious proto-decisions.
* Competitive network selects final outcome.
* Selection moderated by attention.
media:simpleWTA.jpg [- Winner-take-all competitive network -]
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* [http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html|Some old cases]]
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* [[http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html|Some old cases]]
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* See also doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.017
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* Cases: http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html
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* [http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html|Some old cases]]
* Need to distinguish between: (a) feeling that the hand does not belong to oneself, and (b) the hand behaving against one's wishes. (doi:10.1007/s10072-003-0149-4)
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* Two interesting features:
** Triggered opportunistically by nearby objects.
** Increase incidents under fatigue or anxiety (i.e. under reduced attentional control).
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* [[stanford:determinism-causal|Determinism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
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* [[stanford:determinism-causal/#5|Determinism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
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* [[stanford:determinism-causalDeterminism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
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* [[stanford:determinism-causal|Determinism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
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* [[stanford:determinism-causalDeterminism]] - "Every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature."
** Why determinism? Newtonian physics, theology
* Indeterminism - Determinism is false.
** Why indeterminism? Quantum physics.
* Compatibilism - Freewill is compatible with determinism.
** Example: X did Y freely = If X had wanted not to do Y, X could have not done Y.
* Is indeterminism sufficient for freewill?
** Not clear how there can be freewill if our actions are not due to us but some random events.
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* Cases: http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html
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* Cases: http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html
[[Category/Mind]]
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!!Basic philosophical positions
!!Crick on freewill
!!The Alien hand syndrome
* Cases: http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/alienhand-psy.html
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!Francis Crick on freewill
!!Readings
* Francis Crick. 1994. A Postscript on Freewill. In ''The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul''. Scribner Book Company.